Humanities literacy develops through evidence-based explanation, judgment and decision in a real historical, geographical or civic situation. Source material comes before the judgment.
Stage arcs:
Locate the question in time and space, examine more than one source where appropriate, distinguish source from later narrative, assess reliability, and build an explanation that answers another plausible view. 家国情怀 emerges through understanding and responsibility, not as a label pasted on the end.
Typical failures: judging historical actors only by present assumptions; treating novels or screen stories as direct historical evidence; listing facts without explaining a change.
Use maps, graphs or data. Learners analyze interactions among factors, regional difference and scale, then support a decision or explanation visually and quantitatively. Do not accept a template list of terrain, climate, rivers and population without relations.
Use a real case with a contestable choice. Learners decide what to do, justify the decision with principles, rules or law, consider another position and make the action operational. Value education grows through evidence and deliberation, not a one-way “correct answer” speech.
Non-negotiables across these subjects: materials before assertions; values examined through reasons rather than indoctrination; time/space and source evidence visible in history, maps/data visible in geography, and actionable judgment visible in civics.