Official Sources

Research cut-off: 2026-07-23. Every URL below was consulted on that date. Undated living documentation is labeled "living docs"; a date in parentheses is the page/release date visible in the source.

psutil

• psutil 7.2.2 documentation — living docs. Used for logical versus physical CPU counts, the warning that system CPU count can differ from process-usable CPUs under affinity/cgroups/Windows processor groups, Process.cpu_affinity(), virtual_memory(), swap_memory(), and disk_usage().
• psutil 7.2.2 on PyPI — current stable package pin verified 2026-07-23.

Python

• Python os documentation — Python 3.14.6 living docs. Used for os.cpu_count(), os.process_cpu_count(), and os.sched_getaffinity().
• Python multiprocessing — Python 3.14.6 living docs. Used for process-aware pool defaults and the Python 3.14 start-method change.
• Python concurrent.futures — Python 3.14.6 living docs. Used for ProcessPoolExecutor defaults, Windows' 61-worker maximum, and ThreadPoolExecutor defaults.

Linux procfs and cgroup v2

• Linux kernel /proc filesystem documentation — living kernel docs. Used for Cpus_allowed and Cpus_allowed_list.
• Linux kernel cgroup v2 documentation — living kernel docs; page history begins 2014-07-15. Used for cpu.max, cpuset.cpus.effective, memory.current, memory.high, memory.max, hierarchy, reclaim, and cgroup OOM behavior.
• Linux kernel cpuset documentation — living kernel docs. Used to cross-check the interaction between affinity masks and cpuset constraints.

Containers and OCI

• Docker resource constraints — living docs. Used for Docker's default lack of constraints, --cpus, quota/period, cpusets, and memory controls.
• OCI Runtime Specification: Linux resources — OCI Runtime Spec 1.3.0. Used for CPU, memory, cgroup, and device resource semantics.

NVIDIA

• NVIDIA System Management Interface manual — living docs. Used for fixed --query-gpu fields and --format=csv,noheader,nounits; NVIDIA notes that index ordering is not stable, which is why snapshots do not claim a persistent identity.
• NVIDIA Container Toolkit specialized configurations — living docs. Used for NVIDIA_VISIBLE_DEVICES, driver capabilities, and runtime constraints.
• NVIDIA CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES — official deployment documentation. Used for CUDA application visibility.
• NVIDIA CUDA compatibility — living docs. Used to distinguish management visibility from compatible GPU, driver, CUDA runtime, and dynamically linked libraries.

AMD ROCm

• AMD SMI CLI tool — AMD SMI 7.2.0 docs. Used for read-only list/static JSON output and the meaning of unavailable fields.
• ROCm SMI Python/CLI usage — living docs. Used for the legacy rocm-smi read-only fallback.
• ROCm GPU isolation techniques — ROCm 7.2.4 docs. Used for ROCR_VISIBLE_DEVICES, HIP_VISIBLE_DEVICES, CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES, Docker device isolation, and the warning that environment variables are not isolation for untrusted code.
• ROCm environment variables — living docs. Used for AMD's Linux/Windows visibility-variable recommendations.

Apple

• Apple: Determining system capabilities — living Apple Developer docs. Used for hw.logicalcpu, hw.physicalcpu, hw.memsize, performance levels, and the distinction between logical and physical cores.
• Apple sysctl(3) manual — archived official manual. Used to cross-check physical-memory fields.
• Apple Developer Technical Support: system_profiler and integrated/SoC memory — Apple DTS response dated 2021-08-24. Used for parseable system_profiler output and the warning that DIMM-style details do not map cleanly to integrated or Apple silicon memory.
• The fixed system_profiler SPDisplaysDataType -json and named sysctl -n queries were smoke-checked locally on Darwin 25.5.0 on 2026-07-23. The script never requests the full system profile.

Slurm

• Slurm sbatch — living SchedMD docs. Used for exact output environment-variable scopes: SLURM_CPUS_ON_NODE, SLURM_CPUS_PER_TASK, SLURM_JOB_CPUS_PER_NODE, SLURM_MEM_PER_CPU, SLURM_MEM_PER_NODE, SLURM_NTASKS, and GPU variables. Also used for the explicit warning that memory requests require configured enforcement.
• Slurm CPU Management Guide — living SchedMD docs. Used for task/affinity, task/cgroup, ConstrainCores, binding, and logical CPU/core allocation examples.
• Slurm srun — updated 2026-07-14. Used for task confinement and GPU binding behavior.
• Slurm scontrol — living docs. Used for the read-only scontrol show job interpretation workflow.
• Slurm sstat — living docs. Used for post-launch job-step accounting semantics.

Windows

• Microsoft: Processor Groups — living Microsoft docs. Used for the distinction between system logical processors, physical cores, and processor-group scheduling.
• GetLogicalProcessorInformation — living Microsoft docs. Used for logical/physical relationships and the current-group limitation on systems over 64 logical processors.
• GetLogicalProcessorInformationEx — page dated 2023-03-06. Used for system-wide processor-group topology.